Introduction [1]
Paper objects are a source of inspiration for paper makers. The history of paper dates back almost 2,000 years to when inventors in China first crafted fiber sheets to record their drawings and writings. Before then, people communicated through pictures and symbols etched on stone, bones, cave walls, or clay tablets.
Chinese paper making.
Paper as we know it today was first made in Lei-Yang, China by Ts'ai Lun, a Chinese court official. In all likelihood, Ts'ai mixed mulberry bark, hemp and rags with water, mashed it into pulp, pressed out the liquid, and hung the thin mat to dry in the sun.
Ancient Chinese paper - Sutori.
During the 8th Century, Muslims (from the region that is now Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) learned the Chinese secret of papermaking when they captured a Chinese paper mill. Later, when the Muslims invaded Europe, they brought this secret with them. The first paper mill in Europe was built in Spain, and soon paper was being made at mills all across Europe. Over the next 800 years, paper was used for printing important books, bibles, and legal documents. England began making large supplies of paper in the late 15th Century and supplied the colonies with paper for many years. Finally, in 1690, the first US paper mill was built in Pennsylvania.
A mid-19th century paper mill, the Forest Fibre Company, in Berlin, New Hampshire.
At first, American paper mills used the Chinese method of shredding old rags and clothes into individual fibers to make paper. As the demand for paper grew, the mills changed direction, using fiber from special plantations and farmed forests, because such wood is less expensive and more abundant than cloth.
Today paper is made from trees, mostly grown on working forests and from recovered paper. Recycling has always been a part of papermaking. When you recycle your used paper, paper mills will use it to make newspapers, notebook paper, paper grocery bags, corrugated boxes, envelopes, magazines, cartons, and other paper products.
Besides using recovered paper and trees to make paper, paper mills may also use wood chips and sawdust left over from lumber operations (whose products are used to make houses, furniture, and other things). Today, more than 36 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources.
Paper Objects [2]
Artist and Title of Work: Annie Styron Leonard (USA), Untitled.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, molded, knotted; hand made paper, flax, linen cord, gampi, abaca.
Size: 13.5 x 10 x 2.5 inches.
Comment [2]: My art is informed by the beauty and fragility of the natural world. I use transparent, light fibers such as flax, abaca, and gampi to mold forms and papers which convey a sense of transitory, ephemeral nature of existence.
Photo Courtesy: Kate Cameron.
Detail of above paper object.
Artist and Title of Work: Andrea Du Flan (USA), Morphogensis.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, knotless netting; flax, lichen, wax linen.
Size: 12 x 18 x 16 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Kate Cameron.
Artist and Title of Work: Sue Clancey (USA), Yellow Relief.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, cast paper, pulp painted, embedded; cotton fiber and fabric, pigment.
Size: 7 x 8 x 0.5 inches.
Artist and Title of Work: Judith Pinnell (Australia), Bhuj Remembered.
Materials and Techniques: Formed-silk paper, appliquéd, machine embroidered, couched; silk paper, metallic fabric and thread.
Size: 31 x 23 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Bewley Shaylor.
Artist and Title of Work: Erin Endicott (USA), Reticent.
Materials and Techniques: Painted, collaged, woven; paper, ribbon, vellum, watercolor.
Size: 16 x 7 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Joseph Hyde.
Artist and Title of Work: Jennifer Morrow Wilson (USA), How does your garden grow?
Materials and Techniques: Hand and machined stitched, collage, and constructed; handmade and commerical paper, wood, copper, waxed linen, tacks, thread, mirror, lamp parts, screening.
Size: 36 x 27 x 5 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Ken Woisard.
Detail of above image.
Artist and Title of Work: Jo Stealy (USA), Shrine.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, coiled cast; flax, honey-locust thorns, waxed linen, embroidery floss, wood.
Size: 18 x 8 x 2.5 inches.
Comment [2]: This piece is a shrine to women as vessels. The thorns that are poked inside the bottom vessel and around the opening of the niches are representative of the "little pricks in life."
Photo Courtesy: Peter Anger
Artist and Title of Work: Grimanesa Amoros (USA), Fotomana: African Housing.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, cotton pulp, clay, straw and sand.
Size: 30 x 48 inches.
Comment [2]: In 1994, I obtained a NEA grant and an Arts International Traveling grant to visit Ghana and the Ivory Coast. The trip lasted two months. In the small, tourist-free villages, I found a world that enchanted me with its spiritual and natural integrity and met people oblivious to many Western anxieties.
Photo Courtesy: Eric Guttelewitz.
References:
[1] see - https://www.paperrecycles.org
[2] Fiberarts Design Book 7, Editor S.M. Kieffer, Lark Books, New York (2004).
Paper objects are a source of inspiration for paper makers. The history of paper dates back almost 2,000 years to when inventors in China first crafted fiber sheets to record their drawings and writings. Before then, people communicated through pictures and symbols etched on stone, bones, cave walls, or clay tablets.
Paper as we know it today was first made in Lei-Yang, China by Ts'ai Lun, a Chinese court official. In all likelihood, Ts'ai mixed mulberry bark, hemp and rags with water, mashed it into pulp, pressed out the liquid, and hung the thin mat to dry in the sun.
During the 8th Century, Muslims (from the region that is now Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) learned the Chinese secret of papermaking when they captured a Chinese paper mill. Later, when the Muslims invaded Europe, they brought this secret with them. The first paper mill in Europe was built in Spain, and soon paper was being made at mills all across Europe. Over the next 800 years, paper was used for printing important books, bibles, and legal documents. England began making large supplies of paper in the late 15th Century and supplied the colonies with paper for many years. Finally, in 1690, the first US paper mill was built in Pennsylvania.
At first, American paper mills used the Chinese method of shredding old rags and clothes into individual fibers to make paper. As the demand for paper grew, the mills changed direction, using fiber from special plantations and farmed forests, because such wood is less expensive and more abundant than cloth.
Today paper is made from trees, mostly grown on working forests and from recovered paper. Recycling has always been a part of papermaking. When you recycle your used paper, paper mills will use it to make newspapers, notebook paper, paper grocery bags, corrugated boxes, envelopes, magazines, cartons, and other paper products.
Besides using recovered paper and trees to make paper, paper mills may also use wood chips and sawdust left over from lumber operations (whose products are used to make houses, furniture, and other things). Today, more than 36 percent of the fiber used to make new paper products in the United States comes from recycled sources.
Paper Objects [2]
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, molded, knotted; hand made paper, flax, linen cord, gampi, abaca.
Size: 13.5 x 10 x 2.5 inches.
Comment [2]: My art is informed by the beauty and fragility of the natural world. I use transparent, light fibers such as flax, abaca, and gampi to mold forms and papers which convey a sense of transitory, ephemeral nature of existence.
Photo Courtesy: Kate Cameron.
Artist and Title of Work: Andrea Du Flan (USA), Morphogensis.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, knotless netting; flax, lichen, wax linen.
Size: 12 x 18 x 16 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Kate Cameron.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, cast paper, pulp painted, embedded; cotton fiber and fabric, pigment.
Size: 7 x 8 x 0.5 inches.
Materials and Techniques: Formed-silk paper, appliquéd, machine embroidered, couched; silk paper, metallic fabric and thread.
Size: 31 x 23 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Bewley Shaylor.
Materials and Techniques: Painted, collaged, woven; paper, ribbon, vellum, watercolor.
Size: 16 x 7 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Joseph Hyde.
Materials and Techniques: Hand and machined stitched, collage, and constructed; handmade and commerical paper, wood, copper, waxed linen, tacks, thread, mirror, lamp parts, screening.
Size: 36 x 27 x 5 inches.
Photo Courtesy: Ken Woisard.
Artist and Title of Work: Jo Stealy (USA), Shrine.
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, coiled cast; flax, honey-locust thorns, waxed linen, embroidery floss, wood.
Size: 18 x 8 x 2.5 inches.
Comment [2]: This piece is a shrine to women as vessels. The thorns that are poked inside the bottom vessel and around the opening of the niches are representative of the "little pricks in life."
Photo Courtesy: Peter Anger
Materials and Techniques: Papermaking, cotton pulp, clay, straw and sand.
Size: 30 x 48 inches.
Comment [2]: In 1994, I obtained a NEA grant and an Arts International Traveling grant to visit Ghana and the Ivory Coast. The trip lasted two months. In the small, tourist-free villages, I found a world that enchanted me with its spiritual and natural integrity and met people oblivious to many Western anxieties.
Photo Courtesy: Eric Guttelewitz.
References:
[1] see - https://www.paperrecycles.org
[2] Fiberarts Design Book 7, Editor S.M. Kieffer, Lark Books, New York (2004).
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