Introduction[1]
The evolution and development of poster art was closely linked to technical advances in printmaking and moreover, in lithography. Although the lithographic process was invented by Alois Senefelder (1771-1834) as far back as 1798, it had little impact on posters until the advent of chromolithography later in the 19th Century. Even then, it wasn't until Jules Chéret (1836-1932) invented his the "three stone lithographic process" in the 1860s, which allowed lithographers to produce a wide spectrum of colors from just three stones, that low-cost color posters at last became a reality.
Pastilles Géraudel.
Artist: Jules Chéret (Paris, 1836 – 1932, Nice).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 231.2 x 80.5 cm.
Known as the "father of the fine art poster", Chéret not only developed a cheaper color lithographic process, with richer more expressive colors, he also enhanced the aesthetic nature of the poster, endowing it with graceful designs (some influenced by Ukiyo-e woodblock prints from Japan, by artists like Hokusai and the younger Hiroshige) and transformed it into an independent work of art. Furthermore, he encouraged other painters to explore the genre. He later published his special book - Maîtres de l'Affiche (Masters of the Poster) - to promote the best designers. He also introduced the feminine form into his designs in order to gain an extra viewer appeal. His female subjects became so popular that Parisians dubbed them Cherettes. In total, Chéret produced more than 1,000 posters, beginning with his 1867 advertisement for Sarah Bernardt's performance as Princess Desiree in the comedy La Biche au Bois. Honored in 1928 with the opening of the Chéret Museum in Nice, Jules Chéret's posters are some of the most highly sought-after items from the late 19th Century to this day.
Posters of the 1890s[2]
Saxoleine (1892).
Artist: Jules Chéret (1836 – 1932).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 122.7 x 87.0 cm.
Le tour du monde en 80 jours (1890).
Artist: Alfred Choubrac (1853 – 1902).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 121.8 x 87.7 cm.
Miss Robinson (1890s).
Artist: Alfred Choubrac (1853 – 1902).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 117.8 x 79.3 cm.
Madama Butterfly (1890s).
Artist: Leopoldo Metlicovitz (1868 – 1944).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 141.6 x 100.4 cm.
Le Princess Jaune (1896).
Artist: Charles-Lucien Leandre (1862 – 1930).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 100.8 x 72.3 cm.
Le Reve (1891).
Artist: Théophile Alexandre Steinlen (1859 – 1923).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 89.2 x 63.4 cm.
Lait pur de la Vingeanne Sterilize (1894).
Artist: Théophile Alexandre Steinlen (1859 – 1923).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 135.5 x 98.6 cm.
La Revue Blanche (1894).
Artist: Piere Bonnard (1867 – 1947).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 80.0 x 62.0 cm.
Exposition, les Peintres Graveurs (1896).
Artist: Pierre Bonnard (1867 – 1947).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 64.8 x 47.8 cm.
Photograph of Toulese-Lautrec with his poster – Moulin Rouge.
Slide 12: Moulin Rouge (1891).
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 170.0 x 121.0 cm.
Sescau Photograph (1894).
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 60.3 x 80.1 cm.
Reine de joie par Victor Joze (1892).
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 149.5 x 99.0 cm.
Note: (a) - (c) illustrates the lithographic process.
References:
[1] https://www.visual-arts-cork.com/poster-art-history.htm
[2] World Poster Museum – Exhibit 1: World Poster Masterpieces (1989) from the Lords Gallery Collection.
The evolution and development of poster art was closely linked to technical advances in printmaking and moreover, in lithography. Although the lithographic process was invented by Alois Senefelder (1771-1834) as far back as 1798, it had little impact on posters until the advent of chromolithography later in the 19th Century. Even then, it wasn't until Jules Chéret (1836-1932) invented his the "three stone lithographic process" in the 1860s, which allowed lithographers to produce a wide spectrum of colors from just three stones, that low-cost color posters at last became a reality.
Artist: Jules Chéret (Paris, 1836 – 1932, Nice).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 231.2 x 80.5 cm.
Known as the "father of the fine art poster", Chéret not only developed a cheaper color lithographic process, with richer more expressive colors, he also enhanced the aesthetic nature of the poster, endowing it with graceful designs (some influenced by Ukiyo-e woodblock prints from Japan, by artists like Hokusai and the younger Hiroshige) and transformed it into an independent work of art. Furthermore, he encouraged other painters to explore the genre. He later published his special book - Maîtres de l'Affiche (Masters of the Poster) - to promote the best designers. He also introduced the feminine form into his designs in order to gain an extra viewer appeal. His female subjects became so popular that Parisians dubbed them Cherettes. In total, Chéret produced more than 1,000 posters, beginning with his 1867 advertisement for Sarah Bernardt's performance as Princess Desiree in the comedy La Biche au Bois. Honored in 1928 with the opening of the Chéret Museum in Nice, Jules Chéret's posters are some of the most highly sought-after items from the late 19th Century to this day.
Posters of the 1890s[2]
Artist: Jules Chéret (1836 – 1932).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 122.7 x 87.0 cm.
Artist: Alfred Choubrac (1853 – 1902).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 121.8 x 87.7 cm.
Artist: Alfred Choubrac (1853 – 1902).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 117.8 x 79.3 cm.
Artist: Leopoldo Metlicovitz (1868 – 1944).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 141.6 x 100.4 cm.
Artist: Charles-Lucien Leandre (1862 – 1930).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 100.8 x 72.3 cm.
Artist: Théophile Alexandre Steinlen (1859 – 1923).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 89.2 x 63.4 cm.
Artist: Théophile Alexandre Steinlen (1859 – 1923).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 135.5 x 98.6 cm.
Artist: Piere Bonnard (1867 – 1947).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 80.0 x 62.0 cm.
Artist: Pierre Bonnard (1867 – 1947).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 64.8 x 47.8 cm.
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 170.0 x 121.0 cm.
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 60.3 x 80.1 cm.
Artist: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864 – 1901).
Technique: Color lithograph.
Size: 149.5 x 99.0 cm.
Note: (a) - (c) illustrates the lithographic process.
References:
[1] https://www.visual-arts-cork.com/poster-art-history.htm
[2] World Poster Museum – Exhibit 1: World Poster Masterpieces (1989) from the Lords Gallery Collection.
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